Diabetes Mellitus ( Dm ) Comprises A Group Of Metabolic...

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) comprises a group of metabolic disorders that share the common phenotype of hyperglycemia. Diabetes is a very debilitating disease, affecting approximately 8.3% of the adult population or 382 million across the world. The area most afflicted by diabetes is the Western Pacific, which includes China- affecting about 138 million. In the United States it is approximated that 29.1 million (9.3% of the population) have diabetes. If the trend continues to rise as it does, it is estimated that 592 million people worldwide will have diabetes by 2035. Not only does diabetes wreak havoc on a person’s state of health, it also has serious impacts on our economy, especially in developing countries. It is estimated that the costs to treat and prevent diabetes were about $548 billion in 2011. In the USA, $245 billion was spent towards diabetes in 2012 and with the consistent rise in diagnosis, that number may be $500 billion by 2025. Diabetes can be categorized into a few categories, the well-known sectors being type 1 and type 2. Type 1 DM is characterized by complete insulin deficiency as opposed to type 2 DM (90%–95% of new cases of diabetes) which is characterized by variable degrees of insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and excessive hepatic glucose production. There also exist other, more rare classifications of DM, which include: DM caused by genetic defects (ie. maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)), diseases of the pancreas (chronic